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病人用藥教育:C型肝炎藥物治療及副作用(上)

發表於
   資料來源:藥師週刊(第1847期)
   記者:三軍總醫院臨床藥學部藥師 簡志豪
   日期:12月02日
 
   

 

 

 

前言

C型肝炎主要是透過血液傳染,目前已知有六種基因型,在我國以1b(66~71%)、2a(20%)及2b(10%)為主,盛行率約 2~5 %,是造成肝硬化及肝癌的主要原因之一。治療目標應於療程結束後檢測血清中HCV RNA呈現陰性反應(End of treatment response),且24週後持續無病毒反應,稱之為持續病毒學反應(sustained virologic response;SVR)。

藥品

Ⅰ. Peginteferon(PegIFN)1 :PEG化的長效alfa-interferon,目前有PegIFN alfa-2a(如︰Pegasys?)及PegIFN alfa-2b(如︰Peg-Intron?),單一治療的效果幾乎是standard interferon的2倍1。Alfa-interferon會誘發interferon-stimulated genes(ISGs)在細胞內幫助對抗病毒。此外也可調節主要組織相容複合物(major histocompatibility complex, MHC)產生,增加對外來抗原的辨識力。

Ⅱ. Ribavirin(RBV)2 :為合成的核酸類似物,具廣效性抗病毒能力,可以抑制RNA病毒在細胞內複製,降低C型肝炎病毒傳播。機轉目前不明確。單一治療時在生化反應、降低血中ALT(aminotrasferase)及組織學上的改善呈現相關性,但是在清除HCV RNA則是沒有效果。目前台灣的治療模式非常固定,皆以PegIFN加上RBV來治療,時間、劑量如下表3、4、5︰

藥品副作用6

合併治療中約有80%的病人會出現副作用,其中以血球(含紅血球、血小板及中性球)減少、身體疲倦、類流感症狀,以及神經精神異常等情形為主,處理原則以控制副作用讓病人完成整個C肝療程為目標。

參考資料

1. Adrian M Di Bisceglie, Sanjiv Chopra, Allyson Bloom. Mechanism of action and efficacy of peginterferon for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection. UpToDate [Updated 2013 Feb 26; cited 2013 Oct 22]. Available from: http://www.uptodate.com/contents/mechanism-of-action-and-efficacy-of-peg...
2. Steven Flamm, Sanjiv Chopra, Adrian M Di Bisceglie, Allyson Bloom. Mechanism of action and efficacy of ribavirin for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection. UpToDate[Updated 2013 Jan 23; cited 2013 Oct 22]. Available from: http://www.uptodate.com/contents/mechanism-of-action-and-efficacy-of-rib...
3. Sanjiv Chopra, Adrian M Di Bisceglie, Allyson Bloom. Treatment regimens for chronic hepatitis C virus genotypes 1. UpToDate[Updated 2013 Mar 29; cited 2013 Oct 22]. Available from: http://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-regimens-for-chronic-hepatiti...
4. Sanjiv Chopra, Adrian M Di Bisceglie, Allyson Bloom. Treatment regimens for chronic hepatitis C virus genotypes 2, 3, and 4. UpToDate[Updated 2013 Mar 8; cited 2013 Oct 22]. Available from: http://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-regimens-for-chronic-hepatiti...
5. 慢性C型肝炎. [Updated 2012 Oct 31; cited 2013 Oct 22]. Available from: http://www.ntuh.gov.tw/gene/cdisease/second_level_pages/b_common_disease...
6. T Barry Kelleher, Nezam H Afdhal, Adrian M Di Bisceglie, Allyson Bloom. Management of the side effects of peginterferon and ribavirin being used for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection. UpToDate[2012 Sep 28; cited 2013 Oct 22]. Available from: http://www.uptodate.com/contents/management-of-the-side-effects-of-pegin... -infection?detectedLanguage=en&source=search_result&search= hepatitis+c+mechanism+side+effect+management&selectedTitle=15~150&provider=noProvider
7. 黃郁心, 劉絮愷, 謝明憲, 胡海國, 林信男, 劉智民. 以干擾素治療C型肝炎引發之精神病及停用後的譫妄. 內科學誌 2009:20:270-272.

(待續)